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This page lists additional readings for the course. Some readings can be downloaded directly from this site.

To download, you must be using a campus computer or, if you are off-campus, you must be using the UCD proxy server and must be logged on (e.g., through your personal My UCDavis page).

Note that clicking on most of these links will open a new browser window on your computer desktop. If you click a link and nothing seems to happen, check to see whether the target page has opened in a separate browser window.
 

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Available in the bookstore and in the reserve room at Shields Library

• Bayer, R. (1987). Homosexuality and American psychiatry: The politics of diagnosis (2nd edition). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (ISBN #0691028370)
   
• Chauncey, G., Jr. (2005). Why marriage? The history shaping today's debate over gay equality (New edition). New York: Basic Books. (ISBN #0465009581)
   
• Herman, D. (1997). The antigay agenda: Orthodox vision and the Christian Right. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (ISBN #0226327655)
  

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Sexual Orientation and Prejudice: Coming To Terms

In addition to the readings listed below, you'll find relevant references for papers on same-sex relationships, sexual minority families, and the prevalence of sexual orientations on the Suggested Sources for Writing Assignment page.

• Boswell, J. (1982-1983). Revolutions, universals, and sexual categories. Salmagundi, 58-59, 89-113.
   
• Brenner, C. (1995). Eight bullets: One woman's story of surviving anti-gay violence. Ithaca, NY: Firebrand.
   
• DePaulo, L. (1988, December). Killing Anthony. Philadelphia Magazine, pp. 135-146. [about the murder of Anthony Milano]
  [Note: Article continues in the January 1989 issue, pp. 86-96]
   
• Diamond, L. M. (2003). What does sexual orientation orient? A biobehavioral model distinguishing romantic love and sexual desire. Psychological Review, 110, 173-192.
   
• Dynes, W. (1985). Homolexis: A historical and cultural lexicon of homosexuality. New York: Gay Academic Union.
   
• Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality, Volume I: An introduction (Hurley, R., Trans.). New York: Vintage Books.
   
• Gates, G.J. (2006). Same-sex couples and the gay, lesbian, and bisexual population: New estimates from the American Community Survey. This and related papers are available from the Williams Institute at UCLA.
   
• Herdt, G. H. (1981). Guardians of the flutes: Idioms of masculinity. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   
• Pathela, P., Hajat, A., Schillinger, J., Blank, S., Sell, R., & Mostashari, F. (2006). Discordance between sexual behavior and self-reported sexual identity: A population-based survey of New York City men. Annals of Internal Medicine, 145, 416-425.
   
• Sell, R. L. (1997). Defining and measuring sexual orientation: A review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26, 643-658.
   
• Tafoya, T. (1996). Native two-spirit people. In R.P. Cabaj & T.S. Stein (Eds.), Textbook of homosexuality and mental health (pp. 603-617). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
   
• Villarroel, M. A., Turner, C. F., Eggleston, E., Al-Tayyib, A., Rogers, S. M., Roman, A. M., Cooley, P. C., & Gordek, H. (2006). Same-gender sex in the United States: Impact of T-ACASI on prevalence estimates. Public Opinion Quarterly, 70, 166-196.
• Williams, W. L. (1986). The spirit and the flesh: Sexual diversity in American Indian culture. Boston: Beacon Press.
    Williams, W. L. (1996). Two-spirit persons: Gender nonconformity among Native American and Native Hawaiian youths. In R.C. Savin-Williams & K.M. Cohen (Eds.), The lives of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals: Children to adults (pp. 416-435). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
   

   

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Course Texts

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Week 10

From Sin and Crime to Sickness, To Minority Status:
A Brief History of Sexual Stigma

• Adam, B. D. (1995). The rise of a gay and lesbian movement (revised edition). New York: Twayne Publishers.
   
• Boswell, J. (1980). Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality: Gay people in Western Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to the fourteenth century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   
• Boswell, J. (1994). Same-sex unions in premodern Europe. New York: Villard Books.
   
• Bérubé, A. (1990). Coming out under fire: The history of gay men and women in World War Two. New York: The Free Press.
   
• Chauncey, G. (2004). "What gay studies taught the court" — The historians' amicus brief in Lawrence v Texas. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian & Gay Studies, 10, 509-538.
   
• D'Emilio, J. (1983). Sexual politics, sexual communities: The making of a homosexual minority in the United States 1940-1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   
• Duberman, M. B. (1991). Cures: A gay man's odyssey. New York: Dutton.
   
• Duberman, M. B. (1993). Stonewall. New York: Dutton.
   
• Ford, C. S., & Beach, F. A. (1951). Patterns of sexual behavior. New York: Harper & Bros.
   
• Freedman, M. (1971). Homosexuality and psychological functioning. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   
• Gergen, K. J. (2001). Psychological science in a postmodern context. American Psychologist, 56, 803-813.
   
• Gonsiorek, J. C. (1991). The empirical basis for the demise of the illness model of homosexuality. In J.C. Gonsiorek & J.D. Weinrich (Eds.), Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (pp. 115-136). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   
• Hooker, E. (1957). The adjustment of the male overt homosexual. Journal of Projective Techniques, 21, 18-31.
   
• Jost, J. T., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2002). The estrangement of social constructionism and experimental social psychology: history of the rift and prospects for reconciliation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 168-187.
   
• Katz, J. N. (1976). Gay American history: Lesbians and gay men in the U.S.A. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. [see Section II, Treatment: 1884-1975]
   
• Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders.
   
• Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., Martin, C. E., & Gebhard, P. H. (1953). Sexual behavior in the human female. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
   
• Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674-697.
   
• Minton, H. L. (2002). Departing from deviance: A history of homosexual rights and emancipatory science in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   

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Understanding Sexual Orientation and Prejudice:
How To Read A Scientific Study

• Gathorne-Hardy, J. (1998). Alfred C. Kinsey: Sex the measure of all things. London: Chatto and Windus.
   
• Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders.
   
• Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., Martin, C. E., & Gebhard, P. H. (1953). Sexual behavior in the human female. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
   
• Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Chapter 8: Homosexuality
   

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Course Texts

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Week 10

Sexual Prejudice:
Key Constructs and National Trends

• Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 19-22.
   
• Sherrill, K., & Yang, A. (2000). From outlaws to in-laws: Anti-gay attitudes thaw. The Public Perspective, 11(1), 20-23.
   
• Shields, S. A., & Harriman, R. E. (1984). Fear of male homosexuality: Cardiac responses of low and high homonegative males. Journal of Homosexuality, 10(1-2), 53-67.
   
• Weinberg, G. (1972). Society and the healthy homosexual. New York: St. Martin's.
   
• Yang, A. S. (1997). Trends: Attitudes toward homosexuality. Public Opinion Quarterly, 61, 477-507.
   

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Sexual Prejudice: Key Constructs and National Trends (continued)

• Bobo, L., & Licari, F. C. (1989). Education and political tolerance: Testing the effects of cognitive sophistication and target group affect. Public Opinion Quarterly, 53, 285-308.
   
• Bradburn, N. M., & Sudman, S. (1988). Polls and surveys: Understanding what they tell us. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   
• Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 19-22.
   
• Herek, G. M. (2004). Beyond "homophobia": Thinking about sexual stigma and prejudice in the twenty-first century. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 1(2),6-24.
   
• Russo, V. (1987). The celluloid closet: Homosexuality in the movies (Rev. ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
   

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The Social Psychology of Sexual Prejudice
 

1. Categorization and Stereotypes
   • Clausell, E., & Fiske, S. T. (2005). When do subgroup parts add up to the stereotypic whole? Mixed stereotype content for gay male subgroups explains overall ratings. Social Cognition, 23, 161-181.
      
   • Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18.
      
   • Gross, A. E., Green, S. K., Storck, J. T., & Vanyur, J. M. (1980). Disclosure of sexual orientation and impressions of male and female homosexuals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 6, 307-314.
      
   • Sherman, J. W., Stroessner, S. J., Conrey, F. R. , & Azam, O. A. (2005). Prejudice and stereotype maintenance processes: Attention, attribution, and individuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 607-622.
      
   • Snyder, M., & Uranowitz, S. W. (1978). Reconstructing the past: Some cognitive consequences of person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 941-950.
      
2. Motivations for Sexual Prejudice
   • Adams, H. E., Wright, L. W., Jr., & Lohr, B. A. (1996). Is homophobia associated with homosexual arousal? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 440-445.
      
   • Herek, G. M. (1987). Can functions be measured? A new perspective on the functional approach to attitudes. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50, 285-303.
      
   • Kimmel, M. S. (1997). Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame and silence in the construction of gender identity. In M.M. Gergen & S.N. Davis (Eds.), Toward a new psychology of gender (pp. 223-242). New York: Routledge.
      
   • Meier, B. P., Robinson, M. D., Gaither, G. A., & Heinert, N. J. (2006). A secret attraction or defensive loathing? Homophobia, defense, and implicit cognition. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 377-394.
      
3. Gender, Sexuality, and Sexual Prejudice
   • Herek, G. M. (1986). On heterosexual masculinity: Some psychical consequences of the social construction of gender and sexuality. American Behavioral Scientist, 29, 563-577.
      
   • Herek, G. M. (2002). Gender gaps in public opinion about lesbians and gay men. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66, 40-66.
      
   • Kimmel, M. S. (1997). Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame and silence in the construction of gender identity. In M.M. Gergen & S.N. Davis (Eds.), Toward a new psychology of gender (pp. 223-242). New York: Routledge.
      

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Politics, Religion, and Sexual Prejudice

• Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 432-443.
   
• Ammerman, N. (1998). North American Protestant fundamentalism. In L. Kintz & J. Lesage (Eds.), Media, culture, and the religious right (pp. 55-113). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   
• Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   
• Boswell, J. (1980). Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality: Gay people in Western Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to the fourteenth century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   
• Boswell, J. (1994). Same-sex unions in premodern Europe. New York: Villard Books.
   
• Bryant, A. (1977). The Anita Bryant story. Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell.
   
• Herek, G. M. (1987). Religious orientation and prejudice: A comparison of racial and sexual attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13(1), 34-44.
   
• Hunsberger, B. (1995). Religion and prejudice: The role of religious fundamentalism, quest, and right-wing authoritarianism. Journal of Social Issues, 51(2), 113-129.
   
• Hunsberger, B. (1996). Religious fundamentalism, right-wing authoritarianism, and hostility toward homosexuals in non-Christian religious groups. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 6, 39-49.
   
• Hunter, J. D. (1991). Culture wars: The struggle to define America. New York: Basic Books.
   
• Smith, C. (1998). American evangelicalism: Embattled and thriving. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   
• Williams, R. H. (1997). Cultural wars in American politics: Critical reviews of a popular myth. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
   
• Woodberry, R. D., & Smith, C. S. (1998). Fundamentalism et al: Conservative Protestants in America. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 25-56.

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Course Texts

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Week 10

Sexual Prejudice and Violence

• Historical Accounts of Anti-Gay Violence
   
  • Katz, J. N. (1976). Gay American history: Lesbians and gay men in the U.S.A. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. [see Section I, Trouble: 1566-1966]
     
  • Plant, R. (1986). The pink triangle: The Nazi war against homosexuals. New York: New Republic.
     
• Contemporary Examples of Anti-Gay Violence
   
  • Brenner, C. (1995). Eight bullets: One woman's story of surviving anti-gay violence. Ithaca, NY: Firebrand.
     
  • Shilts, R. (1982). The Mayor of Castro Street: The life and times of Harvey Milk. New York: St. Martin's Press. [See pp. 154-168 regarding the murder of Robert Hillsborough]
     
  • Tomsen, S. (2006). Homophobic violence, cultural essentialism and shifting sexual identities. Social & Legal Studies, 15, 389-407.
     
• Prevalence
   
  • Berrill, K. T. (1990). Anti-gay violence and victimization in the United States: An overview. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5, 274-294.
     
  • Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (1999). Psychological sequelae of hate crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 945-951.
     
  • Herek, G. M. (in press). Hate crimes and stigma-related experiences among sexual minority adults in the United States: Prevalence estimates from a national probability sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.
     
• Motivations
   
  • Harry, J. (1992). Conceptualizing anti-gay violence. In G.M. Herek & K.T. Berrill (Eds), Hate crimes: Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men (pp. 113-122). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
     
  • Herek, G. M. (1992). Psychological heterosexism and anti-gay violence: The social psychology of bigotry and bashing. In G.M. Herek & K.T. Berrill (Eds.), Hate crimes: Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men (pp. 149-169). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
     
• Overkill
   
  • Bell, M. D., & Vila, R. I. (1996). Homicide in homosexual victims: A study of 67 cases from the Broward County, Florida, Medical Examiner's office (1982-1992), with special emphasis on "overkill". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 17(1), 65-69.
     
  • Miller, B., & Humphreys, L. (1980). Lifestyles and violence: Homosexual victims of assault and murder. Qualitative Sociology, 3, 169-185.
     
• Attitudes and Behavior
   
  • Ajzen, I. (2001). Nature and operation of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 27-58.
     
  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
     
  • MacCoun, R. J. (1996). Sexual orientation and military cohesion: A critical review of the evidence. In G.M. Herek, J. Jobe, & R. Carney (Eds.), Out in force: Sexual orientation and the military (pp. 157-176). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
     
• Hate Crime Laws and Policy
   
  • Jenness, V., & Broad, K. (1997). Hate crimes: New social movements and the politics of violence. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
     
  • Jenness, V., & Grattet, R. (2001). Making hate a crime: From social movement to law enforcement. New York: Russell Sage.
     
• Media
   
  • Russo, V. (1987). The celluloid closet: Homosexuality in the movies (Rev. ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
     

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Course Texts

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Week 9

Week 10

Beliefs About Sexual Orientation, Causal Explanations, and Attributions of Blame

• Origins of Sexual Orientation
   
  • Byne, W. (1997). Why we cannot conclude that sexual orientation is primarily a biological phenomenon. Journal of Homosexuality, 34(1), 73-80.
     
  • Byne, W., Tobet, S., Mattiace, L. A., Lasco, M. S., Kemether, E., Edgar, M. A., Morgello, S., Buchsbaum, M. S., & Jones, L. B. (2001). The interstitial nuclei of the human anterior hypothalamus: An investigation of variation with sex, sexual orientation, and HIV status. Hormones and Behavior, 40, 86-92.
     
  • Byne, W. (2007). Biology and sexual minority status. In I.H. Meyer & M.E. Northridge (Eds.), The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations (pp. 65-90). New York: Springer.
     
  • Diamond, L. M. (2003). Was it a phase? Young women's relinquishment of lesbian/bisexual identities over a 5-year period. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 352-364.
     
  • Gladue, B. A., Green, R., & Hellman, R. E. (1984). Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation. Science, 225, 1496-1499.
     
  • Hamer, D. H., Hu, S., Magnuson, V. L., Hu, N., & Pattatucci, A. M. (1993). A linkage between DNA markers on the X chromosome and male sexual orientation. Science, 261, 321-327.
     
  • Hendricks, S. E., Graber, B., & Rodriguez-Sierra, J. F. (1989). Neuroendocrine responses to exogenous estrogen: No differences between heterosexual and homosexual men. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 14, 177-185.
     
  • LeVay, S. (1991). A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men. Science, 253, 1034-1037.
     
  • Pattatucci, A. M., & Hamer, D. H. (1995). Development and familiality of sexual orientation in females. Behavior Genetics, 25, 407-20.
     
  • Peplau, L. A., & Garnets, L. D. (2000). A new paradigm for understanding women's sexuality and sexual orientation. Journal of Social Issues, 56(2), 329-350.
     
  • Rahman, Q., & Wilson, G. D. (2003). Born gay? The psychobiology of human sexual orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1337-1382.
     
  • Rice, G., Anderson, C., Risch, N., & Ebers, G. (1999). Male homosexuality: Absence of linkage to microsatellite markers at Xq28. Science, 284, 665-667.
     
  • Whisman, V. (1996). Queer by choice: Lesbians, gay men, and the politics of identity. New York: Routledge.
     
• Attempts to Alter Sexual Orientation
   
  • Bancroft, J., Beckstead, A. L., Byrd, A. D., Carlson, H. M., Cohen, K. M., Savin, Diamond, L. M., Drescher, J., Friedman, R. C., Gagnon, J. H., Hartmann, L., Herek, G. M., Hershberger, S. L., Hill, C. A., DiClementi, J. D., Klein, D. F., Krueger, R. B., McConaghy, N., Nicolosi, J., Rind, B., Rust, P. C. R., Strassberg, D. S., Tye, M. C., Vasey, P. L., Rendall, D. et al. (2003). Peer commentaries on Spitzer (2003). Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32(5), 419-468.
     
  • Duberman, M. B. (1991). Cures: A gay man's odyssey. New York: Dutton.
     
  • Haldeman, D. C. (1994). The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 221-227.
     
  • Shidlo, A., & Schroeder, M. (2002). Changing sexual orientation: A consumers' report. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 249-259.
     
  • Silverstein, C. (2003). The religious conversion of homosexuals: Subject selection is the voir dire of psychological research. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 7(3), 31-53.
     
  • Spitzer, R. L. (2003). Can some gay men and lesbians change their sexual orientation? 200 participants reporting a change from homosexual to heterosexual orientation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32(5), 403-417.
     
  • Spitzer, R. L. (2003). Reply: Study results should not be dismissed and justify further research on the efficacy of sexual reorientation therapy. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32(5), 469-472.
     
• Sexual Prejudice and Beliefs About Choice
   
  • Hegarty, P. (2002). "It's not a choice, it's the way we're built": Symbolic beliefs about sexual orientation in the US and Britain. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 12, 153-166.
     
  • Herek, G. M., & Capitanio, J. P. (1995). Black heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men in the United States. Journal of Sex Research, 32, 95-105.
     
  • Whitley, B. E., Jr. (1990). The relationship of heterosexuals' attributions for the causes of homosexuality to attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 369-377.
     
  • Wood, P. B., & Bartkowski, J. P. (2004). Attribution style and public policy attitudes toward gay rights. Social Science Quarterly, 85, 58-74.

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Strategies for Reducing Sexual Prejudice

• Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Garden City, NY: Doubleday .
   
• Herek, G. M., & Capitanio, J. P. (1996). "Some of my best friends": Intergroup contact, concealable stigma, and heterosexuals' attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 412-424.
   
• Devine, P. G. (2005). Breaking the prejudice habit: Allport's "inner conflict" revisited. In J. Dovidio, P. Glick, & L. Rudman (Eds.). On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport (pp. 327-342). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
   
• Devine, P. G., Monteith, M. J., Zuwerink, J. R., & Elliot, A. J. (1991). Prejudice with and without compunction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 817-830.
   
• Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85.
   
• Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 751-783.
   
• Stevenson, M. R. (1988). Promoting tolerance for homosexuality: An evaluation of intervention strategies. The Journal of Sex Research, 25, 500-511.
   

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